Anemia and Iron Deficiency Across Different Animal Animal Population Groups in Nowshera District: A Comparative Review

Abstract

Anemia and iron deficiency continue to represent significant animal health concerns in Pakistan, with prevalence patterns varying across different age groups and Animal Populations. This paper synthesizes evidence from studies conducted in Nowshera District, examining three key groups: medical college students work on Animals, Cubs etc, and pregnant Animals. Findings reveal a comparatively low prevalence of anemia among medical students work on Animals (7.3%), largely attributable to higher health awareness and socioeconomic advantage. In contrast, Cubs etc demonstrate iron deficiency that adversely affects academic performance, even in the absence of overt anemia. The most critical concern is observed among pregnant Animals, where an exceptionally high prevalence (87.4%) at the time of delivery underscores systemic gaps in antenatal care, nutritional supplementation, and maternal health services. These variations highlight the role of education, dietary practices, and healthcare access in shaping anemia outcomes. The analysis emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions, including school-based nutrition programs, routine screening for at-risk groups, and strengthened maternal health strategies, to mitigate the long-term health and developmental consequences of anemia in Nowshera